NAFLD: Basic Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnosis

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now termed metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), stands as one of the most prevalent liver diseases globally, closely intertwined with the escalating obesity epidemic. Despite its increasing prevalence, there exists a conspicuous absence of pharmacological treatments tailored specifically for NAFLD. This gap in therapeutic options can be attributed to the multifaceted nature of NAFLD, characterized by an incomplete understanding of its underlying mechanisms, a dearth of accurate and affordable imaging tools, and the inadequacy of non-invasive biomarkers for effective diagnosis and monitoring.

Moreover, this review elucidates the existing diagnostic modalities for NAFLD, emphasizing the burgeoning significance of non-coding RNAs as promising diagnostic biomarkers. The imperative need for non-invasive biomarkers, coupled with accurate and cost-effective diagnostic tools, cannot be overstated, as they are pivotal in detecting early signs of NAFLD progression. These advancements hold the promise of expediting clinical trials and validating emerging therapeutic treatments, thus paving the way for improved management strategies for NAFLD patients.