Investigating Language Layers as the Main Problem of Linguistics

Abstract

Language is a multifaceted system composed of interconnected layers, each serving a distinct yet interdependent function in communication. This article explores the key structural layers of language, including the phonological, morphological, lexical, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, and orthographic layers. Each layer contributes uniquely to the encoding, transmission, and interpretation of meaning. The phonological layer deals with sound systems, while the morphological layer focuses on word formation and internal structure. The lexical layer, central to this discussion, encompasses vocabulary, including words, idioms, and fixed expressions, highlighting semantic relationships, word formation processes, and lexical evolution. The syntactic layer examines sentence structure, and the semantic layer focuses on meaning. The pragmatic layer addresses context and speaker intent, while the orthographic layer represents the visual aspect of written language. Insights from linguists such as Ferdinand de Saussure, Noam Chomsky, and Steven Pinker provide theoretical frameworks for understanding these layers. Together, these layers interact to form a cohesive system that enables humans to convey complex ideas, emotions, and cultural values through language. This article underscores the importance of understanding language layers for linguistics, education, and cross-cultural communication.