Use of Biomaterials in Vascular Surgery

Abstract

Biomaterials have become a crucial element in vascular surgery, offering solutions to a variety of challenges posed by vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, aneurysms, and peripheral artery disease (PAD). These materials, whether synthetic or biologically derived, have been applied in vascular grafting, stenting, and tissue regeneration, significantly improving patient outcomes. This article reviews the various types of biomaterials utilized in vascular surgery, their applications, benefits, limitations, and ongoing advancements. The findings suggest that while biomaterials have demonstrated substantial promise in improving graft longevity, preventing restenosis, and enhancing tissue regeneration, challenges such as material degradation, thrombosis, and biocompatibility remain significant barriers. Innovations, such as bioresorbable stents and tissue-engineered vascular grafts, offer new hope in overcoming these challenges. The article concludes by suggesting that further research into novel biomaterials and technologies is essential for advancing the field and improving long-term patient outcomes.