Compare Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis and Non-Radiological Axial Spondyloarthritis

Abstract

The aim of the study was to study the clinical picture, disease activity, and functional disorders in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non–pathogenic axial spondyloarthritis (hp-axSpA).

Material and methods. In the period from 2021 to 2023, 153 patients were examined. The patients were divided into two groups: the first included patients with a reliable diagnosis of AS (n=119), the second – with hp-ACSPA (n=34). BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI, MASES, ESR, and HLA-B27 antigen indices were determined in both groups.

The average age of patients in group 1 was 36.5±0.7 years, in group 2 - 27.0±1.2 years. The duration of the disease in patients with AS was 14.7± 0.6 years, with hp-ACSPA – 4.1± 0.5 years.

Results and discussion. There were 68.9% of men with AS, and 70.6% with hp-ACSPA. The axial variant prevailed in both groups (group 1 - 53.7%, group 2 – 67.6%). The average value of the pain level according to the visual analog scale (VAS) in group 1 was 40.6±1.6 mm, in group 2 - 31.6±2.4 mm (p<0.01). 51.2% of patients with AS and 41.1% with hp-axSpA had high activity according to the BASDAI index. Patients of the 2nd group they had significantly lower average activity index values (3.4±0.2) compared to the first group (4.0±0.1). BASFI functional disorders were more pronounced among patients with AS (3.2±0.2) than with hp-axSpA (1.5 ± 0.2). BASFI index values >4 were not observed in patients of the 2nd group. When assessing the BASMI index, higher indicators were found in patients with AS (1.9±0.1) than in patients with hp-ACSPA (0.5±0.1).

Conclusion. The ASAS criteria of the ACCSPA make it possible to establish a diagnosis at an early stage, before the appearance of persistent functional disorders. Patients at the dorentgenological stage have lower activity and pain levels according to YOUR.